Brutus I October 18, Does Brutus make a strong case for the momentousness of the choice facing Americans? For example, is the appeal to the wisdom of Montesquieu and the experience of history persuasive? With which powers of the new government is Brutus here especially concerned? Why does Brutus believe that a republic as large as the one proposed by the Constitution will lead to tyranny?
Publius Alexander Hamilton , Federalist 1 October 27, Publius opens Federalist 1 by raising the momentousness of the choice that lay before New Yorkers and the American people as a whole. Why is it critically important for Americans to ratify the Constitution?
If Americans fail to choose well in the ratification process, what will they have proven to the world and their posterity? Why does Hamilton expect strong opposition to the Constitution from some Americans? Do Brutus and Publius adequately summarize the choice facing the American people? What do each need to expand on or express more fully in the coming months of debate? Do you agree that the Antifederalists are in favor of disunion?
Brutus I ; Federalist 9 ; Federalist 10 Publius Alexander Hamilton , Federalist 9 November 21, Which parts of the improved science of politics were wholly unknown to the ancients and which were inadequately understood? Is Montesquieu part of the ancient world as far as Publius is concerned? Is Publius saying that the interpretation of Montesquieu by the Antifederalists is : a wrong or b irrelevant? Publius James Madison , Federalist 10 November 22, What are the causes of faction?
What is wrong with eliminating the causes of faction? Why is so little time spent on minority faction in Federalist 10? How does Publius define a republic? Publius James Madison , Federalist 51 February 6, According to Publius, what is the best way, in practice, to keep the powers of government properly separated among the branches?
Why is framing a good government made difficult by human nature? What are the two possible sources of oppression and what remedies does Madison propose to prevent them? Compare the argument in Federalist 51 about the great difficulty of founding a government with the argument of Brutus I and the arguments of Publius in Federalist 9 and Federalist 10 Brutus XV March 20, Why does Brutus think that the Supreme Court is the most dangerous branch?
Compare and contrast the case made by Brutus that the Supreme Court is the most dangerous branch with the case made by Publius in Federalist 78 that the Supreme Court is the least dangerous branch. Publius Alexander Hamilton , Federalist 78 May 28, Why does Publius think that the judiciary is the least dangerous branch? Does he make the case for what we today would call judicial review?
According to Publius, why is it safe to grant life tenure to federal judges? Did either Madison or Jefferson change his mind about a bill of rights as a result of this exchange?
Do they approach the question with the same or with different priorities in mind? In the end, do they agree or disagree on the centrality of a bill of rights to securing republican liberty? Jefferson-Madison Exchange Beyond expressing his personal feelings at this moment, does this portion of the speech serve any public purpose? Does this language serve a public purpose? Why does he prefer to insert these rights into the text of the new Constitution?
Are there any surprises in his list of 39 rights? How does his list of rights compare to those enumerated in the Virginia Declaration of Rights ? To what extent do the 39 amendments he proposes answer the objections of Gerry, Mason, and Randolph, the three delegates to the convention who refused to sign the Constitution ? Selected and introduced by Gordon Lloyd. This volume presents some of the documents necessary to understand the essential ideas and debates that shaped the founding of the American civic order.
See also Document 6, June Free and Slave Populations by State All Documents in this Volume. The most notable feature of Freedom Defined is its extensive system of words containing tool-tips. These tool-tips provide simple, clear definitions of difficult words and phrases; no attempt is made to supply interpretive commentary, nor is any historical context reviewed beyond what is necessary to define a term or explain the status of a constitutional provision no longer in force.
Simply hover over a hyper-linked word to see its definition. To establish as nearly as possible the meaning intended by those who framed and adopted these two vital documents, the definitions are based on English and American dictionaries used during the Founding era, the records of the Constitutional Convention of , and commentaries by the Founders themselves as well as those of reputable modern scholars.
They formed the design of a great confederacy, which it is incumbent on their successors to improve and perpetuate.
Here are a few representative quotations from their speeches and writings. They provide important insights into the nature and the source of our liberty, the dangers that can threaten it, and how we may remain a free people today. Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!
All the pleasures of riches, science, virtue, and even religion itself derive their value from liberty alone. No wonder It is not our duty to leave wealth to our children; but it is our duty to leave liberty to them. Liberty itself will find in such a government, with powers properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. What has destroyed liberty and the rights of man in every government which has ever existed under the sun?
The generalizing and concentrating all cares and powers into one body. Let them be watchful over their rulers. He therefore is the truest friend to the liberty of his country who tries most to promote its virtue, and who, so far as his power and influence extend, will not suffer a man to be chosen into any office of power and trust who is not a wise and virtuous man.
As nations become corrupt and vicious, they have more need of masters. That they are not to be violated but with His wrath? It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other. Enable them to see that it is their interest to preserve peace and order, and they will preserve them. Corwin, Edward S.
Princeton, N. Cullop, Floyd G. Dumbauld, Edward. Norman, Okla. The Constitution of the United States. The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. Elegant facsimiles on parchment paper are perfect for educational purposes or to decorate your home or office.
For the patriot and lover of our nation's history, get our founding documents framed and in your home. Located on the upper level of the National Archives museum , the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom is the permanent home of the original Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, and Bill of Rights.
If "founding," however, means foundational for clarifying how we have come to understand our country today, the list of documents grows in a different direction and becomes difficult to limit. Several years ago, the National Archives and Records Administration collected a list of milestone documents in American history called Our Documents. The list begins, chronologically, with the Richard Henry Lee Resolution of June 7, , proposing independence for the American colonies, and runs through the Voting Rights Act of John J.
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